The Economic Downturn and Its Impact on Hospitals - 825 Words

The Economic Downturn and Its Impact on Hospitals (Term Paper Sample) Content: The Economic Downturn and Its Impact on Hospitals[Name][Institution Affiliation]Question 1As evidenced from the article, it is clear that the effects of the economic crisis on the medical sector, particularly on hospitals, are considerable. Based on the article by the American Hospital Association published in January 2009, it is generally argued that economic downtown often squeeze the sources of funds for hospitals. The analysis can be analyzed from two perspectives: credit crisis and health insurance coverage and financing. Economic downtown is said to stress hospitalsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ borrowing through spurring credit crunch. Heine (2009) defines credit crunch as a temporary mismatch of credit supply and demand.Just like any other ordinary businesses, hospitals equally need to borrow in order to finance their day-to-day operations, undertake technology purchases, and improve their long-term facilities. However, with borrowing becoming costly, debt financing has been dif ficult for many hospitals. In summary, the credit crunch (crisis) affects hospitals in seven key ways: (1) inability to issue bonds, (2) increased collateral requirements, (3) acceleration of debt, (4) increased interest expenses, (5) inability to withdraw funds from finance institutions (illiquidity), (6) inability to renew credit, and (7) difficulty in refinancing auction rate debt (American Hospital Association, 2009). The credit crisis has driven the profits of hospitals from positive to negative.According to the American Hospital Association (2009), the crisis also affects hospitals through the erosion of health insurance coverage and financing. Here, economic downtown initially triggers unemployment, which eventually results to deterioration of employer-sponsored health insurance in an economy making people to heavily rely upon safety-net programs. Economic analysts, further, confirm that safety-net programs and providers are frequently squeezed during the economic crisis. Si nce most of these programs-such as Medicaid-are funded by states, during the crisis, their budget allocation tends to be vulnerable to cuts, as states tend to curtail their budget deficits.Question 2Owing to the severity of the current economic situation, hospitals need to make appropriate adjustments to their strategies and goals in order to thrive. First, it is rational for hospitals to adequately dissect services and programs, and reassess the benefits and costs attributable to the new economic environment. For instance, cost or expenditure minimization ought to be part of their strategic goal. Cost minimization can be achieved through a number of strategies such as staff reduction, reduction of health care services, entering into joint ventures, and restraining administrative expenses (American Hospital Association, 2009).Equally, there is need for hospitals to carefully review their cash and debt management strategies. This is crucial since it limits them from entering into a f inancial situation, which may endanger their capacity to satisfy current and future health care needs of the community. In this context, effective liquidity management is crucial. For instance, the management of working capital of hospitals. Moreover, hospitals need not to enter into too risk debt arrangement, which may compromise their liquidity position. American Hospital Association (2009) asserts that borrowing for hospitals may continue to be difficult and expensive even if credit markets regain their footing. This implies that hospitals will have to diversify their sources of funding. For instance, they need to postpone making capital improvements in order to have adequate liquidity.Question 3The American Hospital Association (2009) reveals significant similarities and differences between hospitals and health care, and other industries regarding the effects of economic down. In order to effectively capture these similarities and differences, it will be imperative to analyze t he effects from two key perspectives: credit crisis and unemployment. Research postulates that both hospitals and health sector, and other industries have been negatively affected by the credit crisis attributable to economic downtown.With the collapse of the capital market, due to economic downtown, borrowing has become difficult and costly for all industries, including the health sector. Moreover, similar to firms in other industries, effect of the credit crunch has weakened the capacity of hospitals to secure funds necessary (through borrowing) to meet their day-to-day financial obligations. The rationale for hospital borrowing can be based on the argument that, historically, payment to hospitals lag behind health care service delivery and thus, hospitals must borrow to meet their operating expenses.Although economic downtown is said to have increased in employment other industries, the cas...

Comparison Research Between Literature and Religion - 275 Words

Comparison Research Between Literature and Religion (Essay Sample) Content: Literature And ReligionJoshua MunyaloUniversity of NairobiLiterature And ReligionLiterature and religion have a close relationship; a relationship that is as old as humanity. They are both reasonable means through which moral standards are set in the society. They encompass all aspects of life and concern everybody. Both disciplines can not be divorced from life because they form culture, which is how people live. What convention dictates is simply what Literature and Religion dictate. Apparently, the values upheld in both cases are for the good of the society. Some of the ways through which literature and religion shape our lives are through education, counseling and enlightenment.Literature and religion teach the community on what values to uphold. They differentiate bad and wrong in the contemporary world in an intelligible manner. For instance, religion through the Holy books has rules which have been agreed upon to be adhered to by every believer of a particular faith. Similarly, Literature reveals the true ways of life through its various genres such as poetry, songs and narratives. Both disciplines are educative, albeit in different ways based on contexts ("Literature and Religionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , n.d.).Another way through which Literature and Religion model our lives is through enlightenment; thereby leading to empowerment. Upon education, people gain the courage to stand for what they deserve. Religion and Literature preach human dignity which is the ultimate kick-start to freedom. The knowledge bestowed upon the masses helps them frog march counterproductive ideas that only foster slavery of the mind. Literature employs stylistic devices such as satire, imagery and metaphors to reflect the society and promote the emancipation of the marginalized in it. Comparably, religion condemns evil through the voice of a deity depending on the faith. The empowerment effectuated by both disciplines propels the wave of change that leads to the ...

Race And American Culture The Problem Of Race - 1338 Words

Culture refers to a system of norms and values that are shared amongst groups of individuals and when they are taken together they represent a living system. In America there are different cultures. Each culture has its advantages and disadvantages. The current problem or issue is on the problem of race in American culture. The history and the effects of race, and analyzes why people think about race as a problem in American culture and why it has to be addressed. The issue of race is a vice that existed in America since the slave and colonial era. It resulted into the practice of racial discrimination in which White Americans had more legal privileges than Asian Americans, African Americans, Latin Americans, and Native Americans. Legally, European Americans had more privileges in matters that involved citizenship, criminal procedure, immigration, education, land acquisition, and voting rights over the duration between 1960s and the 17th century. During this period, several non-protestant groups who were migrating from Europe experienced some xenophobic exclusion as well as other types of ethnicity or race-based discrimination that were practiced in American culture and society. Some of the major racially structured institutions consisted of residential schools, slavery, segregation, and Native American reservations that were mainly reserved for Americans. Nevertheless, towards the end of 20th century, racial discrimination was banned in America and as a result itShow MoreRelatedIs America A Post Racial Society?1431 Words   |  6 Pagesthat we have yet to achieve the status of all races being equal. We still live in a system that contains one superior group while other racial groups remain inferior. The United states have yet to understand why we have two nations in America. In addition, examining how to combat and prevent those issues that are place by barriers. There needs to be an understanding on how race and culture are complex issues that remain a barrier for African American. In addition, we must understand the role thatRead MoreThoughts on Characteristics of Race and Gender: Du Bois vs. De Beauvoir1146 Words   |  5 Pagescharacteristics of race and gender In the debate over equality for both African-Americans and women, the question of nature versus nurture inevitably arises. Although most authors acknowledge that there are differences between these historically discriminated-against groups and members of the hegemonic culture, the origin of those differences has been hotly debated. While the African-American intellectual W.E.B Du Bois was inclined to conceptualize African-Americans as a race, feminists of theRead More Culture and Race Essay1253 Words   |  6 PagesCulture and Race Anthropologists have always had their discrepancies with the word culture and its background significance. There have been numerous definitions that have filtered through the field, yet not one that everyone can accept or agree with. Franz Boas, an anthropologist in the early 20th Century, and his students, had a difficult time figuring out the objective of what culture is. Culture is about learning and shared ideas about behaviour. Although Boas and his students had aRead MoreRichard Rodriguez s Brown : The Last Discovery Of America1135 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica is a melting pot of different people, culture, and religion. Although there are millions of different people from different parts of the world, it s citizens would like to appear united and patriotic. To foreigners, every person living in the United States is an American; however, within the country, there are divisions among the society through a concept called race. No citizen calls themselves an American to ano ther American. The individual labels themselves Hispanics, Asians, [or]Read More Covert Racism in America Essay1109 Words   |  5 Pagesday if possible is many years away. Racism still exists in America today. This is a very verifiable fact for it is estimated that currently in the United States there exists 751 active hate groups that espouse racism and hate based on a persons race, ethnicity, or religion (Southern Poverty Law Center, 2003). This data is very disturbing and is even more disturbing if one looks at the number and proximity of hate groups that exist in the state of West Virginia, which is eight (Southern PovertyRead MoreSherman Alexie s The Lone Ranger And Tonto Fistfight1405 Words   |  6 Pagesplight Native Americans go through in modern day America. The novel shows us the many trials that the people of the Reservation go through and addresses the many serious problems that modern Native Americans face, such as racism, alcoholism, poverty, limited educational opportunities, and being geographical isolated. Ultimately the state of affairs that the modern Native American race goes through stems from the historical events of European c olonialism as well as modern day popular culture. One of theRead MoreCritical Race Theory Of Race And Racism1458 Words   |  6 Pagestheories of race and racism have been used by sociologists to not only describe modern societies, but also address issues of social injustice and achieve an end to racial oppression. Critical race theory is one of the most widely used for this purpose. Its utility rests upon the assumption that race is a social construct and not an inherent biological feature. In place of the concept of inherent race, critical race theory proffers the concept of racialization. The tenet that the concept of race is createdRead MoreRace Relations And The Civil Rights Movement924 Words   |  4 PagesRace relations have and always will be a major part of society. They have influenced today s society economically, politically, and culturally in many ways. Past and present race relations are difficult and careless. In the past many minorities were treated like property to the majority white. For example, in the 1800†™s the white majority used the African-American minority as salves. The African-Americans were not treated like people but rather livestock because of of how they worked and were tradedRead MoreSociology Of Our Times By Diana Kendall And The Meaning Of Sociology By Charon And Vigilant1053 Words   |  5 Pagesreally focused on the chapter about race and ethnicity. The readings had two sections related to the same discussion, one about race, wealth and ethnicity and another about how children who are born immigrants having to learn how to adapt to their â€Å"normal† identity in society. Other topics of prejudice, discrimination, and sociological perspectives were interesting and helped gain more knowledge about the chapter. In Sociology in Our Times, Kendall informs us about race and how it is defined in the worldRead MoreHow Culture Influences Health Of All Individuals1389 Words   |  6 PagesHow Culture Influences Health in America Culture plays a great role in the health of all individuals. The American race has a vast influence over other cultures that migrate to the United States. Unfortunately, the dietary habits of the average American can lead to an increased health risk and a variety of problems that will further be elaborated on. It is important to remember that health is not just the physical aspect that everyone assumes when they consider the word health. It actually has

Essay on Crime and Parents - 1345 Words

Do curfews keep teens out of trouble? Even though curfews may keep the children safe, they do not keep them out of trouble because there is no solid evidence that youth curfews lower the rate of juvenile crime and teens are going to do what they want to do. Nationwide more than 80 percent of juvenile offenses take place between nine in the morning and ten at night, outside most curfews. The problem with curfews is they do not work and people should stop pretending like they do. If parents think a curfew is going to keep their children out of trouble they will be very disappointed when they learn that it will not. Setting a time restraint for a teen to come home will not keep them from getting into something they are not supposed to.†¦show more content†¦Parents that set a strict curfew on a teen will not be doing anything to keep them out of harm’s way. More than likely, the more the parent stresses this curfew the more the teen will rebel against it. Parents should instead build a good relationship with their child and set some rules, rather than a time to be home or they will be punished. Punishment and prolonged curfew will only make the teen resent the parent and build anger, which eventually will lead to the teen wanting or feeling the need to go out and do drugs and or get into trouble. Good communication skills and mutual trust will help the teen obey the parent and make them both feel good. Parents often forget that teens need structure and guidance to maintain a healthy life now and to carry on with them later. Many studies have shown that teenagers who have curfews u sually never obey it and sneak out when the parents are asleep or simply just leave and deal with the consequences later. Most adolescence are nocturnal creatures and love the thrill of staying out when they know they are not supposed to. The most important reason curfews do not keep teens out of trouble is because of the lack of evidence proving so. In most of the evidence found, curfews set the juvenile crime rate higher. Such as, in a close study of Monrovia, California, in the 1990s, sociologist Michael Males found that juvenile arrests for non-curfew crimes increased 53 percent during the school monthsShow MoreRelatedParents are Reponsible for the Crimes of their Children998 Words   |  4 PagesIn Australia many children commit crimes and often the police and people do not know who to blame for their actions. These children commit crimes such as robbery, violence and stealing and they end up in juvenile. They live victims of their actions wondering whether to blame the children or their parents. This is a broad topic with many different views and arguments, I will only be focusing on three arguments that support and oppose whether parents should be held responsible for their children’sRead MorePoverty Is The Parent Of Crime And Revolution1635 Words   |  7 Pagesmeals are school provided and the sun’s distance is synonymous with the reality of seeing a day where their parents can provide a home cooked meal every night. Poverty is felt on the cement of a corner where a window rolls down and two hands touch the surface of a crumbly dollar bill, one giving and one receiving. Greek Philosopher and scientist Aristotle once said, â€Å"Poverty is the parent of crime and revolution.† Poverty will either make a person take what they don’t have from someone who might haveRead MoreParents Are Responsible for Their Childrens Crimes Essay1447 Words   |  6 Pageshave found and intend to use for your essay. Coconi A. (n.d.). Should parents Be Held Responsible for a Teenager’s Actions. GlobalPost. Retrieved http://everydaylife.globalpost.com/should-parents-held-responsible-teenagers-actions-1886.html PanahI, R. (2013). When kids play up, parents should pay up. Herald Sun. Retrieved from http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/opinion/when-kids-play-up-parents-should-pay-up/story-fni0fhh1-1226739200450.html 4. Evaluate bothRead MoreShould Parents Be Held Accountable for Their Childrens Crimes?1138 Words   |  4 PagesParents play the crucial role in upbringing their children to become exemplary citizens. Despite this enormous responsibility parent have they face challenges when they find their children adopting wayward course in life. There is a rise in the number of juvenile crimes. One wonders why there is an accelerated increase in the crimes while, on the other hand, a different perspective emerges (Sowell 100-101). What is the responsibility of parents in the development of their children to be model citizensRead MoreThe Role Of Parents Absent Homes Are More Frequently Perpetrators Of Crimes1382 Words   |  6 Pagesjuvenile delinquency. This research paper will show evidence that adolescents in father absent homes are more frequently perpetrators of crimes. The independent variable is adolescents raised in father absent homes and the dependent variable is how they are more frequently perpetrators of crime. The relationship and attachment a child has with his/her parents is a main contributor as to how the child will behave and develop throughout his/her life. When a father figure is absent in the householdRead MoreDo You Think Parents Should Be Punished for the Crimes Their Teenage Children Commit?744 Words   |  3 Pagesthink parents should be punished for the crimes their teenage children commit? Teenage crimes are on the rise and in trying to prevent this condition from aggravating, people start to consider an alternative solution - to punish the parents instead. The question is, are parents really the core of the problem or are there other bigger issues we have to consider? Punishing parents by law is certainly not the ideal way to handle these rising crime rates. Though it cannot be denied that parents areRead MoreParents And Guardians Responsibility For Their Children’S1729 Words   |  7 PagesParents and Guardians Responsibility for their Children’s Crime Many children tend to break the law, especially in our generation today in 2000’s. These children commit crimes like vandalism, underage drinking, and possession and under the influence of drugs. Some perform more serious crimes like driving without license, stealing, breaking into a house, rape, and even murder. The parents are mostly held responsible for the crime their children committed, especially when their kids areRead MoreEssay about Juveniles Should Not Be Charged Differently594 Words   |  3 Pagestreating teenagers once they commit a crime. Folks think that their brain is not fully developed, but they sure do know what they are doing. If teenagers have the capability to commit a crime, there must be something between that made them act the way they did. Many blame parents for their child’s actions because they think that the kids learn from parents. For example, bad behavior, drug abuse, rape, murder, etc., but teenagers should learn from their parents mistakes. Teenagers should not be chargedRead MoreCrimes Committed By Children Are Becoming More Heinous And Frequent1247 Words   |  5 PagesCrimes committed by children are becoming more heinous and frequent. An ever present and controversial question associated with these crimes is, â€Å"Who is responsible?†. Parents have a duty to raise and monitor law abiding citizens, and, if they fail to do so, they are responsible for the actions of their child. It is becoming more common to see minors being tried as adults and serving life sentences for crimes they committed that occurred while they were supposedly under the care of their parentsRead MoreHolding Parents Responsible for the Anti-Social and Criminal Behaviour of their Children1620 Words   |  7 PagesHolding Parents Responsible for the Anti-Social and Criminal Behaviour of their Children The case for holding parents responsible for the anti-social and criminal behaviour of their children has been long disputed. This essay will assess whether parents should in fact be held responsible or whether the child should be punished for their behaviour. Many areas will be discussed, the first of which will be the historical context of criminalizing motherhood. The first issue

Rhetoric In Boy In The Striped Pajamas - 1246 Words

The Boy in the Striped Pajamas â€Å"How do I look?† Bruno asked as he was putting his pajamas on. Shmuel responded with a nod indicating that they look alike. The Boy in the Striped Pajamas portrays a family during the German war and all the struggles they had faced. Bruno, who is the son of this family, wanted nothing but to go on an adventure. He even went against his mother’s strict orders not to leave and found himself outside a concentration camp. Children tend to have their own views on the world which results in them not seeing how harsh the world truly is especially when it comes to the aspect of race. In The Boy in the Striped Pajamas, the power of rhetoric is shown in the culture between the German’s and the Jew’s lives and the†¦show more content†¦One way the producer used these appeals was in the use of Logos. Logos are used to persuade by reason or facts. In the movie Bruno’s dad, Ralf, was the commander of the German militar y who was recently appointed to the concentration camp in Auschwitz. His responsibilities were to look over the camp while Hitler was gone. While Bruno’s dad was having a meeting with the fellow members of the Nazi party, Bruno was spying on their conversation. The Nazi generals had put together a slideshow which made the camps look like a peaceful and welcoming environment. They persuaded the people by showing â€Å"evidence† of the Jews working for what looked like a good cause. Another way the appeals were used were to capture the audience’s attention was with the use of pathos. At the end of the movie, Shmuel had given Bruno a pair of striped pajamas which he had put on so he could sneak in and find his dad without being caught since he would look like a Jew. However, once he entered the other side of the fence they were immediately taken to the gas chambers and asked to take of their clothes. The children thought they were just taking showers and once they started to realize what was going on they started crying for help. The cries from the children brought the audience to sadness. Bruno’s parents were running around yelling for their little boy but Bruno was nowhere to be found until his father stumbled upon his clothes outside the fence. Lastly, the

Influential Factors of International Business and...

A Business Growth and Strategy Project On INFLUENTIAL FACTORS OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS AND INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT By: Ankit D Jethani 6937 Business Environment consist of every factors influential to the business operations. These factors are classified into two broad categories. These are: a) External or Uncontrollable factors of Business environment. b) Internal or Controllable factors of Business environment. External Factors: The factors those are not controllable at any cost but have to adopt for success of business are external or uncontrollable†¦show more content†¦However, spending on clothing and footwear, cars and entertainment would reduce. The report cited that investment in retirement villages and aged care accommodation, in particular, would continue to grow, with construction of aged care facilities topping $1.4 billion in 2007, up 38 per cent on the previous year, with the strongest activity in Tasmania and South Australia. Businesses involved with health care are likely also to be winners from an ageing population, with older Australians expected to line the pockets of the health industry. New technologies and medical procedures provide clear areas of opportunity for businesses operating in these sectors. Significant investments in health care technology are required to meet the demands of the aged, who wish to maintain quality of life into their senior years and are generally prepared to pay to get it. The Impact of the Mini ‘Baby Boom’ and Growing Migration It’s not only the ageing population that will cause a seismic shift in Australia’s demographics. The large intake of skilled migrants from overseas and a mini ‘baby boom’ have helped drive population growth, which in turn has pushed the Australian economy along. This, of course, has already provided businesses with enormous opportunities. According to PKF’s Business Population Monitor, populationShow MoreRelatedInternational Human Resource Management : Understanding The Cultural Environment1257 Words   |  6 Pagesmore critical for international Human Resource Management: understanding the cultural environment or understanding the political and legal environment? Why? Include key terms and concepts from the textbook. While there are many various global issues that affect the International Human Resource Management to run efficiently, there are two key concepts that play a major role in understanding how to approach them with cohesive and a well coherent strategy; they are the International Human RecourseRead MorePest Analysis for India1088 Words   |  5 Pageschance to move. India is rising. The paper will use PEST political environment, economic environment, sociocultural environment and technological environment analysis to examine whether International Business activities have increased or decreased in the past 10 years in India. The summaries will study International Business contributed or not to the economic development of the India. First of all, let us focus on the political environment. India had a very long period of the Nehru-Gandhi dynasty, andRead MoreEnvironmental Factors Affecting Globalization1321 Words   |  6 PagesEnvironmental Factors Angela Mackey MKT 421 January 4, 2011 Harry Caldwell Environmental Factors Marketing in the world today is affected by so many factors in the environment. The factors include political and legal issues, which are the most important. Some other environmental factors that have a major effect on the marketing world are social, cultural economics, technological, and competitive. These factors surround the basis of the decisions made within marketing. Most organizationsRead MoreJapan s International Business Environment Essay1352 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Japan is one of the most influential countries in South-East Asia and the world, despite being disconnected from the main land. Japan has a population of around 127 million people and has, as measured by Gross Domestic Product on a Purchasing Power Parity basis, the world’s fourth largest economic output. Moreover, Japan is a member of the United Nations, G7, G8 and G20 (CIA World Factbook, 2015). In this report the international business environment of Japan is analyzed from economicalRead MoreA Report On The Roaring Dragon Hotel1443 Words   |  6 PagesEXECUTIVE SUMMARY This proposal aids to contribute a path to a business and assists the business to remain intact in the market place through giving a paint of a business which despite its popularity faced a downfall after the new weaker management could not improve the profit as well as the quality standards of the hotel. Additionally, it concentrates that business should be built with smart and good work of management instead of influential connections and relations. Recommendations have been providedRead MoreTesla Motors, Inc.1487 Words   |  6 Pagesmission: to change status quo and prove that electric car could change the automotive industry and the way how people travel every day, while providing luxury, eco-friendly and sustainable solution to decrease the impact of transportation on the environment. Tesla Roadster, the very first product of the company, released in 2008 was designed as electric, zero emission but luxury sports car that with great performance of 0-100 [km/h] in 3.7 seconds an d range of 394km on a single electric charge (TeslaRead MoreBusiness Relationships Within A Business Network Context1231 Words   |  5 Pagespolicy†, Journal of International Management, 7, pp. 235-51. 2. Alvarez, S.A. Busenitz L.W., (2001) The entrepreneurship of resource-based theory. Journal of Management, 27(6), p. 755-775 3. Anderson, J., Hakansson, H. and Johanson, J. (1994). Dyadic Business Relationships within a Business Network Context. Journal of Marketing, 58(4), p.1. 4. Andersson, S. Ingemar W. (2003) Innovative Internationalisation in New firms: Born Globals - the Swedish Case. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 1Read MoreWhat Are the Sources and Limits of Mnc Power1627 Words   |  7 Pagescorporations (MNCs). In the first section, I am going to lead into this topic by giving some definitions. In addition to that, I am also going to explain the role of MNCs in the international governance based on the typology of regime types. Then I am going to examine the most important sources and forms of business power, before taking into account the limits and the vulnerability of MNC power. 2. Definitions First, the term of the â€Å"multinational corporation† is difficult to be generalisedRead MoreThe Political Economy Of New Zealand1487 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction New Zealand is a very stable economy, which majorly relies of international trade. Castles, Miller Ammendola (2005, p. 215) argues that, the country has a market economy, and as a result, it has been able to interact with several countries through trade. The country’s political economy has been enhanced and made stable through various strategic factors it possesses. These factors of its political economy are in three dimensional systems: economic system, the political system and lastlyRead MoreThe Most Important Aspects Of The Profession Of Cpas1495 Words   |  6 PagesThe accounting profession is considered a very important element in the business world and the economic world. This profession is performed by the certified public accountant (CPA). After passing the state’s exam and meeting the additional experience requirement you will get a CPA license. Based on the article of â€Å"CPA Horizons 2025† we are going to identify the four influential factors in t he profession of CPAs, which are: Pre-certification and lifelong learning, pride in the profession, value proposition

Sodium In Commonly Consumed In New Zealand -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: What Are The Different Ways Of Maintaining Customer Satisfaction? How To The Staff Of The Domino Does Store Behave With The Customers? How It Is Possible To Measure The Rate Of Customer Satisfaction? What Is The Relationship Between Staff And Management Of The Domino's Store? What Are The Ways That Can Be Implemented The Business Plan Of The Domino's Store To Increase The Level Of Sales? How Is It Possible To Improve Upon The Customer Satisfaction Rate For The Domino's Store? Answers: Introduction The aim of the current literature review is to discuss and conduct critical analysis of the fast food industry of New Zealand. Detailed statistics about the total sales and revenue of the Fast Food Industry is also analyzed within the report. The future Trends within the industry will also be discussed in the literature review section. Fast Food industry of New Zealand As per the report of Prentice et al., (2014), the Fast Food Industry of New Zealand is growing at a rapid pace, which provides opportunity to all the fast food brands to establish a healthy reputation and improve upon their sales volume. The culture of the New Zealand, which is currently focusing upon consumption of fast food, is mainly due to the fact that large numbers of brands have entered into the fast food industrial chain. Watson et al., (2014), have added in the context that the average level of spending of per family in the New Zealand on fast food products is estimated to be around $2000 per year. There is also the tendency among the customers to prefer the brands with fast and quicker service. Hence, one of the major aims of all the fast food brands in New Zealand is to provide better and fast service. Few of the major foods that are popular in the Fast Food Industry of New Zealand include pizza, burger and various other types of beverages. According to Cui and Basnet (2015), there are various factors, which decides upon the high volume of sales within the fast food industry of New Zealand. This includes the excellent quality of customer service, which can be obtained from the stores of all the major fast food brands. It is important to mention in the context that in most of the cases, the stores of the fast food brands is dependent upon self-service of the customers. This is one of the major reasons, which is responsible for quick and fast delivery of food. It is also essential for all the plants are fast food chains to have the service of home delivery, which has helped them to improve upon the volume of sales. It has been also seen that the total volume of sales have been increased due to the fact that lesser number of staffs are needed to deliver customer service within the fast food restaurants. It is also possible for the fast food restaurant to reduce the cost of employing working staffs. Mohsin and Lengler, (2015), have mentioned about the importance of technology management, which has helped in the development process of the providing better quality of service to the customers. The development of Technology is applicable with the fact that it has helped in the process of developing The Ecommerce business of the fast food brands. With the development of Smartphone applications, it is possible to order their food through online platforms. According to the report of Smith et al., (2014), with the introduction of online food ordering system, the total volume of sales in the fast food industry of New Zealand have improved by a level of 34%. Throughout the region of the Asia Pacific, Fast Food Industry of New Zealand and Australia is considered to be one of the most mature markets in its domain through all parts of the globe. It can also be said that compared to the low population in the New Zealand region, the total volume of the fast food consumption is quite high. As per the report in 2014, on average every person in New Zealand consumes 2 to 3 kg of Fast Food per year Mhurchu et al., (2016). Few of the fast food band chains that exist within the fast food industry of New Zealand include KFC Domino's Pizza Hut and McDonalds. These major brands occupy almost 40% of the market share in the fast food industry. There also has been an increase demand for the Asian fast foods within the market of New Zealand, which is mainly due to the fact that total number of Asian immigrants is increasing in the nation. Mohsin and Lengler, (2015), have mentioned about certain key trends, which are responsible for the change in the fast food industry of New Zealand. The major factor that includes within the industry includes Health and Wellness trends, which has currently become highly popular among the regions of New Zealand. Due to the increase in demand in the fast food, there have been a major health issues among the population of New Zealand. There are special health policies implemented by the New Zealand government, which are aimed to scrutinize the quality of food that are being sold from the stores of the fast food brands. In this context, it is essential for all the brands of Fast Food stores to take proper action against to ensure the quality of the food (De Vogli et al., 2014). Moreover, it is also relevant to mention that people of New Zealand being self-aware about the matters related to health, it is important for all fast food brands to improve upon the quality of the food and raw mat erials that are used. It is also essential for them to use organic materials in the preparation of the food, which will minimize the risks of spreading of food contaminated diseases. Nevertheless, it is also important for the fast food brands to ensure that the taste of the food, which is one of the main highlighting point about fast foods are not being compromised due to the use of organic healthy materials. According to Lang and Heasman (2015), it is essential for the fast food chains to focus on the use of the local food flavors that can help to improve upon the popularity of the food. With the use of the local food flavors, it is possible to improve upon the reputation of the brands and the popularity among the local people. It is essential for all the fast food brands, to have special marketing policies to attract the youth generation. This can be done with the help of providing faster customer care service and quick mode of delivery. The target group of customers for the fast food brands includes all the working section of the population. It is also relevant to mention that due to the fact that more people are moving towards the urban region, it is providing opportunity for the fast food brands to improve upon their total volume of sales. Dominos in New Zealand The brand of Domino's hasestablished their franchise in New Zealand fast food market and has more than 500 stores all over the nation (Sacks et al., 2015). The brand has been able to make use of the business opportunity that exists within the Fast Food Industry of the nation. The company has been able to make use of the culture within the nation, and improve upon their business policies. One of the major competitive advantages that Dominos have gained over the years in the fast food market of New Zealand is due to the fact that we are able to provide service at much faster rate. The company is also among the top 5 fast food brands in the fast food market of New Zealand with the market share of 9% in the Fast Food Industry. The Dominos has been able to initiate effective delivery system, which is one of the major causes of success for the company. It is relevant to mention in the context that poor level of customer service is responsible for low volume of sales in the store of Swanson Road in the city of Henderson. The behavior of the store staff was also not up to the mark, which discouraged the customers to visit the store. Gaps in the existing literature The current literature have described well about the current scenario in the Fast Food Industry of New Zealand. Nevertheless, the major gap in the existing literature is due to the fact that it has not highlighted upon the future Trends or contingency measures that fast food brands need to adopt in order to sustain in the consumer market of New Zealand This chapter offers an elaborate and detailed idea about the research methodology as adopted by the present research in order to collect the necessary data. In order to ensure that the research is authentic and the conclusion absolutely reliable, it is highly important to ensure that the most effective and suitable data collection and data sampling methods are being adopted. Thus, this specific chapter of the dissertation aims to show what and how the information were being collected for the research as well as what exactly are the kinds of instruments that had been used in the data collection process. The research philosophy is an important part of the research process, as it explains the set of beliefs and ideas that underlie a specific research. There are three kinds of research philosophy- Positivism, Interpretivism and Realism. The present research study employs the use of Interpretive research philosophy, as it intends to develop an understanding of consumer buying behaviour of the consumers of Dominos Pizza at 2/260 Swanson Road, Henderson, and interpret their consumption pattern in the light of recent marketing strategies adopted by Dominos at Henderson. The Interpretive philosophy will help in gaining insight into the crucial factors that are affecting consumer satisfaction of Dominos Pizza, at 2/260 Swanson Road, Henderson. Research Approach: The research approach is defined as the approach a research project takes in order to approach the research problem as well as to derive the conclusion. The Deductive research approach and Inductive research approach are the two kinds of research approaches, and this research project will use the Inductive Research Approach. This approach is being selected, as the research study does not intend to test the validity of an already formulated hypothesis, and rather it intends to explore new facts regarding the consumer buying behaviour of Dominos Pizza at 2/260 Swanson Road, Henderson, by studying consumer responses and using knowledge and theories of the past researches (Mackey Gass, 2015). Research Design: The overall strategy chosen that helps in selecting as well as integrating different components of a study in a logical and coherent way, is known as the research design. While there are three types of research design- descriptive, exploratory and explanatory research design, the research will employ the use of Exploratory Research Design (Brinkmann, 2014). This design has been chosen, as the present research intends to critically analyse and understand fast food- product consumer behaviour at Henderson and explore the factors that may have affected consumer buying behaviour at Dominos Pizza Henderson, in a negative way. Data Collection Method: The data is the most important part of any research process as it is only through the collection of data and its subsequent analysis, that the conclusion of a research can be drawn. There are two types of data- primary data ( first hand data collected by the researcher) and secondary data (second-hand data collected by the past authors and researchers, to be used in the present study) . The present research study employs the use of both primary and secondary data. Figure 1: Kinds of Data Source: (Silverman, 2016) First of all, secondary data will be collected by reviewing the journals, company records of Dominos Pizza, business articles, official websites and other online sources. The secondary data will help in developing the conceptual foundation of the research and develop a clear understanding of the background of the research problem. The important management theories pertaining to customer satisfaction will also be evaluated in the process (Panneerselvam, 2014). However, since the primary data will only help in getting general information, primary data will be collected to gain access to case-specific data. The survey will be conducted, in order to collect the primary data. Accordingly, both qualitative as well as quantitiave data collection method will be used. The qualitative data will help in developing an understanding of the social reality through the review, critical analysis thorough evaluation of the theories and concepts underlying the research problem, and the review of literary articles will be the used as the qualitative data collection method. On the other hand, the quantitative data is statistical in nature and can be numerically measured, and hence makes the findings highly reliable (Gast Ledford, 2014). Accordingly, a survey will be conducted on 20 consumers of Dominos Pizza located at 2/260 Swanson Road, Henderson, and they will be asked to fill up the close-ended questionnaire form, that will comprise of questions related to the service of Dominos Pizza and their customer satisfaction. The responses would be present in the form of Likert Scale (5-Strongly Disagree, 4-Disagree, 3-Neutral, 2-Agree, 1-Strongly agree). Sampling Technique: The sample size is 20. The Stratified Sampling Technique will be used, whereby the respondents will be allowed to participate in the survey, only if they fulfil the following criteria as stated below: They are the consumers of Dominos Pizza. They stay at 2/260 Swanson Road, Henderson. They belong to the age group of 18 to 35 years. Data Analysis Method: The qualitative data will be analysed by developing the themes and identifying common patterns present in each research paper and article. A careful analysis will help not only in developing the common themes in the past research studies, but also interpreting the existent knowledge in the light of the present research problem . The quantitative data of the survey will be transferred from the paper questionnaire to the spreadsheet, where each reply will be represented through a specific code (Ott Longnecker, 2015). Next, the total number of codes for each question will be calculated, to arrive at the conclusion. Timeframe: The time expected to be taken for the completion of the research project, is explained below: Research Activities Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Selection of research topic Literature Review Data Collection Data Analysis Conclusion and Findings Ethical Considerations: The ethical considerations will also be checked. The respondents will not be allowed to participate in the survey against their desire, and they can back out from the survey as and when they wish to. Further, the survey questionnaire will be created in a way, that none of its questions will hurt the sentiment of the respondents (Faden et al., 2013). Anonymity of the respondents will be ensured. Further, if any external source is being used, he academic contribution of the researcher will be acknowledged in the research project as well. Research Limitations: The research is not free from limitation. The survey sample number is too small, and it may not represent the perspectives or the consumption patterns of the entire target population. As a result, the validity of the research findings is questionable. As a result, the validity of the research findings is questionable. Reference List: Brinkmann, S. (2014). Interview. InEncyclopedia of Critical Psychology (pp. 1008-1010). Springer New York. Cui, Y., Basnet, C. (2015). 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